Warehouse Asset Management Software Insights
Intro
In an era where operational efficiency is non-negotiable, warehouse asset management software emerges as a key player in optimizing logistics operations. With businesses constantly facing the pressure to deliver faster and with greater accuracy, having the right tools at hand is vital. This software goes beyond basic inventory tracking, offering robust functionalities that can transform the way warehouses operate.
From streamlining workflows to providing real-time insights into inventory status, warehouse asset management software is designed to meet the ever-evolving demands of today’s economy. As such, understanding its components and capabilities is essential for IT professionals and business owners alike.
Let’s dive into the details of this vital tool, exploring its purpose, key features, and the landscape it navigates within the broader logistics framework.
Understanding Warehouse Asset Management Software
Warehouse asset management software has become a game-changer for businesses looking to optimize their operations, especially in the fast-paced landscape of logistics and supply chain. As warehouses serve as critical nodes in the transportation and storage of goods, employing effective management software is essential for minimizing losses, streamlining processes, and maximizing efficiency.
Definition and Scope
At its core, warehouse asset management software refers to a set of tools designed to control the storage, tracking, and movement of goods within a warehouse. It provides a systematic approach to managing inventory, order processing, and resource allocation. By harnessing this software, businesses not only save time but can also enhance accuracy and responsiveness to market demands.
The scope of this type of software is vast, encompassing various functionalities such as inventory categorization, real-time stock visibility, and report generation. These features work together to create a framework that simplifies complex warehouse operations, allowing professionals to focus on strategic decision-making rather than mundane tasks.
Key Components
The effectiveness of warehouse asset management software largely hinges on its core components. Each feature plays a pivotal role in ensuring that operations run smoothly. Let's explore each of these components:
Inventory Tracking
Inventory tracking is a fundamental aspect of any warehouse management system. It allows businesses to keep a sharp eye on stock levels, movements, and storage conditions. The key characteristic of inventory tracking is its ability to provide real-time visibility. This feature is not just about knowing how much stock is left but also involves detailed insights into stock turnover rates. As such, having precise inventory tracking leads businesses to make informed decisions about reordering stock, which translates into reduced carrying costs.
One unique feature of modern inventory tracking systems is the use of barcode scanning or RFID technology. These tools facilitate swift stock movements and can significantly reduce human error during stocktaking. However, it’s worth noting that while the initial investment in such technology can be steep, the long-term benefits in accuracy and labor efficiency often overshadow the drawbacks.
Order Management
Order management capabilities within warehouse asset management software streamline the process from order receipt to fulfillment. The essential aspect of this feature lies in its integration with inventory data, ensuring that stock levels are updated in real time as orders are placed and fulfilled. This aspect is crucial, particularly for e-commerce and retail sectors, where customer expectations for speed and accuracy are paramount.
An appealing characteristic of effective order management systems is their ability to handle complex order types with ease. This might include backorders, split shipments, or handling of returns. One unique feature worth mentioning is automated order processing, which can lead to faster turnaround times. However, without proper training for warehouse staff, these systems can occasionally create confusion and resistance.
Reporting and Analytics
The ability to analyze data is a game changer in today’s data-driven world. Reporting and analytics features within warehouse management software provide businesses valuable insights into performance metrics—like order accuracy, inventory turnover, and operational efficiencies. The ability to generate customized reports can highlight trends and help managers make proactive decisions.
What makes this component popular is its flexibility in presenting data visually, often through dashboards that compile key performance indicators into easily digestible formats. A unique benefit here is predictive analytics, which can foresee inventory needs based on sales trends. However, businesses need to be wary of data overload; the volume of information must be manageable and actionable, or it risks becoming more of a burden than a boon.
Integration with ERP Systems
The integration of warehouse asset management software with enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems is of great significance as it creates a seamless flow of information across various business functions. This key characteristic allows for holistic visibility—from procurement to sales, and everything in between.
One unique feature of such integration is the synchronization of financial data with warehouse operations. This capability ensures that inventory levels are aligned with budgeting and forecasting processes. However, complications may arise during this integration phase due to incompatible systems or software versions. Organizations must conduct thorough compatibility testing before implementing such systems to avoid costly downtimes.
In summary, understanding warehouse asset management software is vital for any business looking to enhance its operational capabilities. From efficient inventory tracking to seamless integration with existing systems, each component serves a significant purpose in ensuring that warehouses run like well-oiled machines.
Benefits of Implementing Warehouse Asset Management Software
Warehouse asset management software can be a real game changer for businesses looking to optimize their operations. The advantages of implementing such software go beyond just managing inventory; they fundamentally reshape how companies approach their warehousing challenges. In the following sections, we will explore the benefits in detail, demonstrating how this software enhances the overall performance of warehousing operations.
Improved Operational Efficiency
When it comes down to it, the most compelling argument for adopting warehouse asset management software lies in improved operational efficiency. Traditional warehousing methods often rely on manual processes which are prone to errors and delays. By automating duties such as inventory tracking and order processing, businesses can reduce the time taken for tasks significantly. This shift allows employees to redirect their focus towards more strategic functions rather than getting bogged down in repetitive tasks.
For example, a company like XYZ Corp implemented a warehouse management system that streamlined their picking and shipping processes by 30%. They reported that orders were dispatched faster, ultimately enhancing customer satisfaction. The use of real-time data allows for quicker decision-making, which is vital in an ever-changing marketplace.
"Efficiency isn't just a buzzword; it's the lifeline for modern warehouses. Any company neglecting this aspect is sailing against the wind."
Enhanced Inventory Accuracy
Inventory accuracy is the backbone of successful warehouse operation. Flawed inventory data can lead to mismanaged stock, resulting in overstock or stockouts. With warehouse asset management software, businesses can leverage scanning technologies and integrate them with their inventory databases. This ensures that every item is counted and tracked accurately.
For instance, retailers using these systems can conduct cycle counts more frequently with less disruption to daily activities than traditional full inventory counts. The inference is clear: a more accurate inventory leads to a more reliable supply chain, which not only saves time but also money in the long run. Errors previously associated with manual entry slip away, leading to reduced operational hiccups.
Cost Reduction
Cost is always a pivotal factor when it comes to business decisions. By implementing effective warehouse asset management software, companies can witness substantial cost savings. The decrease in labor costs alone due to automation can be significant. Tasks that once took multiple employees can be consolidated into streamlined processes.
Moreover, with accurate inventory levels leading to diminished holding costs, organizations can free up capital that would otherwise be tied up in dead stock. This is especially evident in environments like e-commerce, where trends shift rapidly; knowing what’s on hand or what needs to be ordered can save money and help avoid excess expenditure on storage.
Data-Driven Decision Making
In an era where information drives strategies, warehouse asset management software equips businesses with the means to harness data effectively. This software aggregates data from diverse sources, providing management with insights that can shape future operational strategies.
By analyzing patterns in order fulfillment, inventory turnover, and even customer preferences, decision-makers can make informed choices that enhance profitability. Take, for example, a logistics firm that adjusted its supply routes based on detailed analytics provided by their management software. This fine-tuning cut down transportation costs by 15% and improved delivery times significantly.
In sum, adopting warehouse asset management software is not just a technological upgrade; it's an investment in a smarter way to run operations. Companies that embrace these advancements will find themselves more resilient in the face of challenges. Through improved efficiency, accuracy, cost savings, and data utilization, the benefits of such systems become apparent. The question is not whether to implement this software but rather how soon can you get started?
Factors Influencing Software Selection
Selecting the right warehouse asset management software is not just about picking a shiny new tool; it's a critical decision that can dramatically shape an organization's operational efficiency and bottom line. Understanding the key factors at play when choosing software is essential for businesses aiming to streamline their warehouse operations.
Business Needs and Goals
Every business has its unique goals, and the software must align with them. It starts with assessing what the business needs from the software. For instance, a company dealing with high volumes of different products might prioritize inventory tracking, while another focused on quick order fulfillment may need robust order management features. It’s important to map out specific short-term and long-term goals before diving into options. By understanding and prioritizing these needs, organizations can avoid the pitfall of selecting software that may seem attractive but fails to deliver on crucial functionalities.
Budget Constraints
Budget is often a significant issue in software selection. A common fallacy is thinking that higher prices mean better quality. While this can be true, it’s not a universal rule. Organizations should create a detailed budget that considers not just the initial purchase but also ongoing costs such as maintenance, updates, and training. A solution may fit neatly into the budget initially but could lead to unexpected costs down the road. It’s vital to evaluate the total cost of ownership and consider the potential return on investment.
Scalability and Flexibility
As companies grow, their software needs evolve. Choosing software that can adapt to changing conditions is paramount. Scalability means the software can handle increased volumes or additional features without significant upgrades. Flexibility goes hand in hand; the system should be adaptable enough to accommodate new processes or changes in business strategy. For instance, a manufacturing firm might start with basic tracking but eventually need advanced analytics; having scalable software ensures that upgrades or new modules can be integrated smoothly without the need for complete overhauls.
User Experience and Interface
User experience can sometimes get lost in the depths of technical specifications; however, it’s a critical aspect. If the software is complex to navigate or the interface is not intuitive, the implementation process can be hampered by user resistance. A clean, user-friendly interface reduces the learning curve and fosters adoption among employees. Investing time to assess user experience through demos or free trials can make all the difference in ensuring that staff can use the system efficiently and effectively.
Challenges in Implementation
Implementing warehouse asset management software comes with its own set of hurdles. Recognizing these challenges is crucial not only for tech teams but also for decision-makers in businesses looking to streamline their operations. A clear understanding of the specific issues can significantly enhance the deployment process, reduce risks, and ultimately ensure a smooth transition to the new system.
Data Migration Issues
One of the most substantial challenges in any software implementation is data migration. Moving legacy data from old systems to a new warehouse asset management software can feel like trying to squeeze a square peg into a round hole. There’s often a wide variety of data formats, inconsistent data inputs, or, worse, missing information. Failure to address these concerns can result in inaccurate data being carried over, leading to operational inefficiencies down the line.
To smooth this process, businesses should consider the following strategies:
- Thorough auditing of current data to identify discrepancies.
- Engaging skilled data engineers to facilitate the migration.
- Running pilot tests to validate the imported data before a full rollout.
User Resistance to Change
Even if the software is robust and well-structured, there’s always a chance of encountering pushback from users. Oftentimes, employees feel apprehensive about adopting new tools, especially if they’re accustomed to old workflows. The comfort of familiarity often outweighs the allure of an upgraded system, which can stall or even derail implementation efforts.
To mitigate this resistance, engaging users early in the implementation process is a key strategy. Here are a few approaches to consider:
- Involving staff in training sessions helps them adapt better.
- Creating user-friendly documentation that can serve as a guide during the transition.
- Holding Q&A sessions for employees to express concerns and get immediate feedback.
Integration with Existing Systems
Integrating new software with existing systems is another mountain to climb. Many companies have a patchwork of tools and platforms that must seamlessly work together for maximal efficiency. Whether it’s an accounting system, CRM, or even older forms of inventory management tools, integration poses both technical and logistical hurdles. If overlooked, these integration issues could render the new software practically useless.
The following steps should be considered:
- Conducting a thorough analysis of all existing software before implementation.
- Developing a clear integration plan that lists out all necessary APIs and connections.
- Communicating constantly with all stakeholders to ensure compatibility and readiness.
Budget Overruns
Lastly, budgeting is a constant concern when implementing any new software. Often, businesses underestimate the costs involved, which can lead to significant overruns. From initial setup prices to ongoing maintenance fees and user training expenditures, the financial implications can stack up rapidly.
To avoid falling into this pitfall, companies should implement the following:
- Developing a detailed budgeting plan that includes all potential costs.
- Setting aside contingency funds for unexpected expenses.
- Reviewing budget allocations regularly to keep track of spending and necessary adjustments.
"In a world increasingly driven by technology, understanding and addressing these challenges can spell the difference between success and failure in warehouse operations."
Each of these challenges is interconnected, often amplifying the difficulties faced during implementation. Therefore, a proactive approach focused on anticipating problems and communicating effectively within teams is essential for successful integration of warehouse asset management software.
Case Studies of Successful Implementations
Examining case studies of successful implementations offers valuable insights into how warehouse asset management software can transform operations across various industries. These real-world examples provide not only inspiration for other businesses but also highlight the tangible benefits and challenges faced during deployment. By dissecting these stories, stakeholders can gauge the potential impact of adopting such technology and glean best practices for optimizing their own warehouse environments.
Retail Industry Example
The retail sector has witnessed significant transformations prompted by advanced warehouse asset management software. One standout case is that of Target Corporation, which implemented a comprehensive software suite to enhance its supply chain capabilities. Previously, Target faced issues like inventory mismanagement, resulting in stockouts and excess inventory in stores.
To combat these challenges, Target adopted an integrated warehouse management system (WMS) that allowed for real-time inventory tracking. This new system provided staff with a clear view of stock levels, improving order fulfillment times and reducing the risk of errors.
The results were striking:
- Inventory discrepancies decreased by 30%, leading to better customer satisfaction.
- Order fulfillment efficiency improved by 45%, demonstrating a clear return on investment within the first year of implementation.
Target’s journey emphasizes the necessity of aligning software capabilities with business needs and operational goals, which serves as a guiding principle for any company in the retail landscape wishing to enhance its warehouse management practices.
Manufacturing Sector Analysis
A compelling narrative emerges from Ford Motor Company, where the integration of warehouse asset management software helped streamline the logistics of its complex operations. Ford, known for its extensive supply chain and integrated manufacturing processes, had long struggled with the timely distribution of parts to various production lines. Fluctuations in demand and evolving supplier relationships often crippled efficient operations.
By implementing an advanced software solution, Ford harnessed data analytics and machine learning to predict inventory needs better, enabling just-in-time delivery. Key outcomes of this software integration included:
- A 20% reduction in excess inventory, freeing up valuable warehouse space.
- Enhanced visibility across the supply chain, resulting in optimized supplier collaboration.
Ford’s case underscores the significance of adaptability. The right software can not only solve existing problems but also future-proof supply chain dynamics, which is paramount in the ever-evolving manufacturing landscape.
E-commerce Success Story
In the fast-paced world of e-commerce, Amazon sets the bar for leveraging warehouse asset management software to drive growth and efficiency. With a massive inventory and millions of transactions daily, Amazon requires an impeccable warehousing process. The company invested in sophisticated algorithms and automation technologies, transforming its warehouses into highly efficient hubs.
One particular tool that stood out in Amazon's warehouse management system is its AI-driven algorithm, which predicts stock levels and optimizes order fulfillment. This implementation led to:
- An average shipping time reduced to 24 hours, catering to customer expectations for rapid service.
- Inventory turnover rates improving by 50%, emphasizing the ability to maintain operational flexibility in a highly competitive market.
The takeaway from Amazon's approach is clear: leveraging technology not only enhances operational efficiencies but also significantly enriches customer experience. This is a vital lesson for any e-commerce business aiming to make its mark in the market.
"Success in warehouse asset management lies in the ability to adapt technological solutions to meet the unique challenges of your industry."
Future Trends in Warehouse Asset Management Software
As the logistics landscape changes at breakneck speed, the future of warehouse asset management software becomes a pivotal focus for businesses aiming to stay competitive. Technology constantly shifts, and organizations must adapt to these changes to harness maximum operational efficiency and accuracy. With insights into potential developments, businesses can better anticipate their needs and redefine their strategies accordingly.
Artificial Intelligence and Automation
Artificial Intelligence (AI) isn’t just a novelty in the tech space anymore; it's transforming how warehouses operate. By integrating AI, businesses can analyze vast datasets more swiftly than a human ever could. This leads to more accurate demand forecasting, optimal stock levels, and a significant reduction in overstock situations, which can tie up cash flow unnecessarily.
Automation, mainly through robotics, plays a critical role as well. Systems using Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) can move goods from one location to another without manual oversight. This not only speeds up processes but also reduces chances of human error. For instance, imagine a scenario where robots swiftly transport items, while AI-driven algorithms adjust routes in real-time based on incoming orders. It's a synergy that can redefine inventory management.
"AI doesn't replace human jobs; it frees them to focus on higher-value tasks."
Advanced Analytics and Reporting
The power of data cannot be overstated. Advanced analytics offers warehouse managers a clearer glimpse into their operations. By taking real-time data and analyzing it through advanced reporting tools, organizations can gain insights into their inventory flow, turnover rates, and even customer behavior. This granular understanding allows for strategic adjustments that can lead to substantial profit increases and lower distribution costs.
For example, identifying trends in product demand can enable a warehouse to allocate space more efficiently, or adapt to seasonal fluctuations. If certain items are slow-moving, they can be strategically placed further away from the packing or shipping zones to streamline the picking process. This analytical capability refines decision-making processes exponentially, providing a competitive edge.
Cloud Integration
Cloud technology is no longer an additional option for warehousing software; it's becoming essential. Storing data in the cloud facilitates real-time access for everyone involved—whether that’s warehouse staff, logistics providers, or management. This seamless integration ensures that the information is always up-to-date, thereby reducing delays that can occur due to outdated systems.
Moreover, cloud-based systems enable better collaboration between businesses and their partners. For instance, a cloud-enabled software can allow for easier communication between warehouses and suppliers regarding stock levels, thus minimizing stockouts or excess inventory. It's all about creating a cohesive ecosystem where information flows freely and efficiently.
Mobile Accessibility
In a time where mobility is the name of the game, ensuring that warehouse management software is accessible via mobile devices is paramount. This trend allows employees on the ground to perform tasks like inventory checks, order picking, and reporting issues without being tethered to a desk. With mobile access, a warehouse worker can quickly scan items, check stock levels, or even communicate with supervisory staff—all from a handheld device.
This capability can dramatically speed up operations. For instance, if a worker notices that a pallet is running low, they can reorder stock instantly, reducing downtime. The accessibility factor also fosters proactive management. Instead of waiting for reports at the end of the day, managers can keep their fingers on the pulse throughout the day.
In summary, the future of warehouse asset management software is intricately tied to advancements like AI, cloud technology, and mobile access. Understanding these trends not only prepares organizations for upcoming changes but allows them to leverage these innovations to boost their efficiency and responsiveness within the supply chain.
Best Practices for Maximizing Software ROI
Maximizing the return on investment (ROI) of warehouse asset management software isn't just a good idea—it's essential for sustaining competitive advantage. In an era where efficiency can make or break a business, adopting best practices becomes crucial. There are several elements at play here, starting from how well staff is trained to keeping software updated, and ensuring feedback flows from the ground up. These practices not only help in realizing the full potential of the software but also assist in effectively managing resources and fulfilling customer expectations.
Regular Training and Support
One of the cornerstones for effective utilization of warehouse asset management software is regular training and support for staff. Knowledge gaps in using the software can lead to errors, inefficiencies, and ultimately, a decrease in ROI. Training should be an ongoing process rather than a one-off event—new features or updates must be communicated promptly to the team.
- Onboarding: New employees should undergo thorough onboarding sessions focusing on software functionalities and best practices.
- Refresher Courses: Regular refresher training sessions help existing users stay updated, especially as technologies evolve.
- Support Channels: Establishing a support system, whether it’s an internal helpdesk or vendor support, ensures immediate assistance is available for troubleshooting.
Without a solid support structure in place, users may quickly feel overwhelmed, leading to disengagement or improper use of the system.
Routine Maintenance and Updates
Software, much like a vehicle, needs routine maintenance and timely updates to function at its best. Regularly scheduled maintenance checks can pre-empt performance issues, while updates often introduce improved features or security enhancements.
- Scheduled Audits: Periodic audits of the software help identify performance bottlenecks and areas for improvement.
- Update Implementation: Stay on top of software updates that aim to improve functionality, performance, and security. Ignoring updates can expose a warehouse to risks data breaches and inefficiencies.
- Performance Monitoring: Use built-in analytics tools to continuously monitor system performance, identifying issues that might not be immediately apparent.
The absence of these routines can create unnecessary headaches down the line.
Feedback Mechanisms
Gathering feedback is vital for adapting the warehouse management system to the evolving needs of your business. An effective feedback mechanism helps understand how the software is performing from the users’ perspective and sheds light on what may not be working as intended.
"Feedback is the breakfast of champions."
This adage holds particularly true in the world of software. Here are a few strategies:
- Surveys: Conduct surveys regularly to collect user sentiment and suggestions for improvement.
- Regular Check-ins: Have regular check-ins with the team to discuss experiences with the software, any roadblocks faced, and suggestions for new features or changes.
- Iterative Improvements: Use the data gathered from feedback to make iterative improvements to the system. Agility in making changes can boost user satisfaction and software effectiveness.
By implementing these best practices, not only can organizations maximize the ROI on their warehouse asset management software, but they can ensure that their operations remain agile and customer-focused. The effort invested will offer rich dividends in terms of enhanced efficiency and effectiveness.
The Role of Warehouse Asset Management Software in Supply Chain Management
The significance of warehouse asset management software is undeniable. It's a cornerstone in the intricate web of supply chain management. Essentially, it's all about bringing order to chaos, ensuring that the right products are in the right place at the right time. The effectiveness of this software can lead to smoother operations, minimizing delays and maximizing productivity.
One of the pivotal aspects this software enhances is the visibility across the supply chain. Businesses today are inundated with data. However, simply having data does not equate to understanding it. Warehouse asset management software cultivates clarity and control, transforming raw data into actionable insights. This way, companies can pinpoint any bottlenecks or inefficiencies in real-time, allowing for swift corrective measures.
Moreover, it plays a vital role in logistics and distribution. Efficiently managing inventory levels, understanding demand fluctuations, and optimizing delivery routes are all within its purview. By streamlining these functions, businesses can not only save costs but also strengthen their customer satisfaction as they are able to meet demands in a timely manner.
"Effective warehouse management is akin to conducting an orchestra; every piece must work in harmony to create a successful supply chain."
In summary, warehouse asset management software does more than just manage inventory. It acts as a catalyst for enhanced supply chain performance, refining operations and empowering organizations to respond swiftly to market demands.
Enhancing Supply Chain Visibility
Enhancing visibility in the supply chain is like turning on the lights in a dark room. Without proper illumination, you’re navigating blindly, which can lead to mistakes and misinterpretations. Warehouse asset management software provides a sophisticated lens into operations, allowing stakeholders to monitor every aspect with precision.
- Real-time Tracking: This software enables real-time inventory tracking, so businesses can see what's on hand and what's in transit, negating surprises and delays.
- Comprehensive Reporting: Enhanced reporting features allow businesses to analyze patterns and predict future needs, which can be invaluable for planning.
- Collaboration: With improved visibility comes better collaboration among teams. When everyone is in the loop, teams can interoperate effectively, streamline communication, and foster a more cohesive working environment.
Streamlining Logistics and Distribution
Logistics is the nerve center of supply chain operations; if it’s not flowing smoothly, the whole system grinds to a halt. Warehouse asset management software plays a pivotal role in streamlining logistics and distribution processes.
- Optimized Shipping Routes: The software provides valuable insights into the most efficient shipping routes, which can drastically cut delivery times and costs.
- Inventory Optimization: Maintaining the right amount of stock in the right locations can prevent excess or shortage, ensuring optimal turnover rates.
- Handling Returns: Efficiently managing returns is critical in today's market. A robust system in place can simplify the returns process, retaining customer trust and satisfaction.
Epilogue
In the realm of logistics and supply chain management, the significance of warehouse asset management software cannot be overstated. With the increasing complexity of inventory systems and the demands of modern commerce, having robust software in place is crucial. This article has outlined the critical components, benefits, and challenges that can come with the implementation of such systems. By streamlining operations, companies can facilitate better decision making, improve inventory accuracy, and ultimately reduce costs.
Summary of Key Insights
Throughout our exploration, several key insights have emerged:
- Operational Efficiency: The integration of warehouse asset management software directly correlates with improved operational workflows. When inventory is monitored electronically, management can pinpoint issues quickly, reducing delays in processing.
- Inventory Accuracy: Accurate tracking significantly impacts customer satisfaction. Businesses that utilize advanced analytics to ensure their warehouses are properly stocked are likely to see an uptick in customer loyalty due to timely deliveries and fewer errors.
- Cost Management: The right tools allow businesses to refine their strategies, leading to a more controlled expenditure environment. Cost overruns often come from inefficiencies, which can be smoothed out with proper software integration.
- Scalability: As companies grow, the need for flexible software becomes paramount. Picking a system that easily integrates with existing ERP solutions can ease growing pains as needs evolve.
"In the modern age, adaptability is key to success. Businesses must continuously assess their tools and strategies to stay ahead in a competitive market."
Looking Ahead
Looking to the future, we can expect warehouse asset management software to evolve further, driven by technological advancements. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning will likely enable more sophisticated predictive analysis, optimizing inventory management proactively.
Moreover, the transition towards cloud-based solutions means greater accessibility and flexibility. Workers on the go can check inventory through mobile apps or tablets, keeping them connected and informed regardless of their location.
